Evidence for widespread positive and negative selection in coding and conserved noncoding regions of Capsella grandiflora
Robert Williamson, Emily B Josephs, Adrian E Platts, Khaled M Hazzouri, Annabelle Haudry, Mathieu Blanchette, Stephen I Wright

The extent that both positive and negative selection vary across different portions of plant genomes remains poorly understood. Here we sequence whole genomes of 13 Capsella grandiflora individuals and quantify the amount of selection across the genome. Using an estimate of the distribution of fitness effects we show that selection is strong in coding regions, but weak in most noncoding regions with the exception of 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). However, estimates of selection in noncoding regions conserved across the Brassicaceae family show strong signals of selection. Additionally, we see reductions in neutral diversity around functional substitutions in both coding and conserved noncoding regions, indicating recent selective sweeps at these sites. Finally, using expression data from leaf tissue we show that genes that are more highly expressed experience stronger negative selection but comparable levels of positive selection to lowly expressed genes.